In India, a commercial driving licence is valid for 5 years while an individual licence is valid for 20 years. In the United Kingdom, one must hold a Passenger Carrying Vehicle (PCV) licence to drive a vehicle with more than eight passenger seats for hire or reward, or a Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) licence to drive a vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight (Maximum Authorised Mass) in excess of 3500 kg. Special licences can also be required in order to transport hazardous materials. The cost of taking the series of tests and examinations to obtain these licences usually means that an employer would subsidize their drivers.

In India, people aged more than 50 years have to undergo strict medical tests in order to obtain a licence. The licence validity is 5 years and requires renewal every 5 years.

Physically Disabled Permits, are given out to those who are under the age of 13 years. These permits are given out from the State Government to those minors whom live with someone who has a physical disability and is unable to drive. These licenses are rare, and only 10-20 are given out each year in the United States.

International considerations
The holder of a licence from any European Union member country can drive in any other EU country. Most countries worldwide will also recognize the licences of citizens of foreign states wishing to drive as visitors. All EU member countries now issue licences in a standard format, regardless of the language of the licence.

The International Driving Permit (IDP) (sometimes erroneously called the International Driver's Licence) is a booklet which is an authorized translation of a driver's home license into many languages (especially languages with different scripts such as Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, etc.). In some cases, it is obtained from a motoring organization such as the Automobile Association or the equivalent in the driver's home country. In other cases, it is delivered by the same government services that deliver ordinary licences. The IDP has no validity except when used in conjunction with the driver's own licence. The existence of the IDP is necessitated by many countries refusing to recognize driver's licences written in foreign languages without accompanying translations.

The People's Republic of China at present does not recognize IDPs (although Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan do) and requires drivers to get an additional PRC license before being officially allowed on all roads.

Issues when moving permanently from one country to another
Most licence-issuing authorities require holders of "foreign" licences taking up residence in their jurisdiction to obtain a local driving licence within a limited time (typically 6 months or 1 year). In most cases, the driver must follow the full local procedure for obtaining a licence, but some jurisdictions have mutual recognition agreements and will exchange the foreign licence for a local one without the need to undertake an additional driving test.

An exception is the EU, where licenses do not need to be exchanged since the introduction of the common EU-driving-license scheme.

Canada
Ontario has a reciprocal licence exchange scheme for :
Canadian provinces and territories;
Canadian Forces Europe;
United States (applicants from Illinois, New Jersey and Vermont must provide a driving abstract dated within 6 months)
Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Korea, and Switzerland.

It exchanges full licences issued by :

Northern Ireland,
European Community/European Economic Area,
Jersey,
Guernsey ,
The Isle of Man,
Gibraltar,
One of The Designated Countries: Australia, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Canada, Falkland Islands, Faroe
Islands, Hong Kong, Japan, Monaco, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland and Zimbabwe.

Hong Kong
As stated on the application form for direct issue of full Hong Kong driving licence[7](Rev. 7/2006), one can be eligible to direct issue of a Hong Kong driving licence provided that he or she must satisfy the Commissioner with documentary evidence that:

one has a full driving licence (but not an International driving permit) during the past three years issued by one of the following countries or places : Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, People’s Republic of China (includes: The Mainland, Taiwan, Macau), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Republic of South Africa (together with S.W. Africa), United Kingdom (together with Alderney, Bermuda, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey), United States of America.
the driving entitlement(s) for which one is applying must be equivalent to the class(es) which are authorized to drive by the issuing country or place; and
one's driving licence was obtained by passing the relevant driving test(s) in the issuing country or place; and
satisfies one of the three requirements below:
the licence was originally issued on any date during a period of residence of not less than 6 months in the country or place of issue (one may prove the

six-month residence with the entry and departure stamps on your passport, school transcript or employer's testimonial with employment period specified.); or

the licence has been issued for not less than 5 years immediately prior to the application; or
hold a passport or an equivalent travel document of the country or place in which your licence was issued.

Consecutive Licenses Exchange
Theoretically as seen from the above exchange arrangement list, this kind of reciprocal license exchange scheme might become a backdoor for a person with a driver license issued by a country with less stringent driving test system (or even through purchase or bribery) to exchange for a license issued by a more reputable country without the need of any driving test.

For example, subject to fulfilling the other license exchange requirements, a Pakistan or PRC driving license holder can exchange for a Hong Kong driver license first. Then exchange for a United Kingdom full license and in turn convert for an Ontario province license in Canada.